In cooperation with The Nature Conservancy, HydroFocus Inc. and Paul Jacobs from UC Davis quantified the greenhouse-gas (GHG) emission reductions and economic implications of alternative crop and wetland mosaics on a representative Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta island, Staten Island. Significant changes to Delta agriculture can contribute to greenhouse emissions reductions and ecosystem reconciliation. Using existing GHG fluxes measurements for the Delta and biogeochemical models, HydroFocus Inc. estimated GHG emissions for a range of scenarios, including business as usual, modified water management, and incorporation of rice and managed wetlands. The land use change scenarios included wetlands and rice grown in areas of highest organic-matter soils and greatest subsidence and baseline GHG emissions.
The following scenarios which include currently grown crops and rice and wetlands were analyzed:
For each alternative scenario (B, C and D) profit changes relative to business as usual (A) were determined. After rice and wetlands were assigned to areas of high organic matter soils, the Delta Agricultural Production model was used to optimize the allocation of other crops in order to maximize profit.
Converting a large portion of the island to wetlands (B) resulted in an estimated substantial decrease in profit (79% relative to business as usual) but a large GHG emission reduction of 68% was calculated. For the scenario that had a mixture of wetlands and rice (C) estimated farm profits decreased by 16% and the GHG emission reduction was about 52%. For the scenario in which rice was cultivated on 38% of the island (D) the estimated profit increased by 12% and emissions were 40% lower than baseline.
We concluded that conversion to a mosaic of wetlands, rice and traditional Delta crops has the potential to substantially reduce overall GHG emissions of cultivated lands in the Delta without significantly affecting profitability. A journal article describing the results of the study is in review at San Francisco Estuary and Watershed Science.
Qualifications
Marc joined HydroFocus in May of 2019. Before that, he worked with the USGS California Water Science Center. On the HydroFocus team, Marc primarily assists with the development of hydrologic models, water quality analysis, and subsidence evaluation. His specialties include GIS, data management, and programming solutions.
Marc holds a Bachelors of Science in Hydrology from the University of California, Davis. Marc is currently working towards a Masters of Science in Soil Science at UC Davis focusing on the development of advanced tools for soil classification.
Professional Experience
2019 to present
Assistant Hydrologist, HydroFocus, Inc. Davis, California.
Qualifications
Nick Christen’s background is in meteorology and climate science. He holds a Bachelor of Science degree in Earth Science from San Francisco State University. His undergraduate research there included statistical analysis of high-resolution precipitation model forecasts and simulations. In 2018, he joined the HydroFocus team where his focus includes biometeorology and quantification of greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes and net ecosystem carbon balance of systems. He has over six years of experience collecting, processing and analyzing field data and procuring high quality datasets. Other areas of his work include developing maps in ArcGIS Software, digital imagery analysis, groundwater and land surface elevation measurements, and water quality data collection.
Professional Experience
2024 to Present
Ecosystem Scientist, HydroFocus, Inc. —Davis, CA
2021 to 2024
Associate Ecosystem Scientist, HydroFocus, Inc. —Davis, CA
2018 to 2021
Hydrolocal Technician, HydroFocus, Inc. —Davis, CA
2017-2018
Data Analyst, StormGeo Shipping — Sunnyvale, CA
Academic Background
Thesis title: Statistically evaluating high-resolution model precipitation forecasts and simulations in the San Francisco Bay Area
Qualifications
Steven Deverel has over 30 years of hydrologic problem-solving experience in the western United States. Dr. Deverel analyzes groundwater systems, quantifies chemical and physical processes in soils and groundwater, and evaluates groundwater- and surface-water quality. He is a registered Professional Hydrologist certified by the American Institute of Hydrology, a California licensed Professional Geologist and a Texas licensed Professional Geoscientist.
Dr. Deverel:
Professional Experience
February 1996 to present
Consulting Hydrologist in Private Practice and Principal Hydrologist and co-founder, HydroFocus, Inc. since January 1998—Davis, CA
Recent example experience includes the following.
1994 to 1996
Senior Hydrologist, Hydrologic Consultants, Inc.—Davis, CA
Consulting assignments included the following:
1991 to 1994
Supervisory Hydrologist, U.S. Geological Survey—Sacramento, CA
Assistant District Chief: Guided hydrologic research, investigations and data collection programs throughout California:
1984 to 1991
Research Geochemist, U.S. Geological Survey—Sacramento, CA
Project leader: Directed studies of processes affecting constituent mobility and transport. Evaluated transport processes in aqueous and gaseous phases. Conducted regional, subregional and local scale studies. Guided an interdisciplinary team that integrated multi-scaled data:
Academic Background
Professional Affilications
Relevant Publications
Vadose-Zone Hydrology, Biogeochemistry and Subsidence
Deverel, Steven J.; Bachand, Sandra; Brandenberg, Scott J.; Jones, Cathleen E.; Stewart, Jonathan P.; & Zimmaro, Paolo. 2016. Factors and Processes Affecting Levee System Vulnerability. San Francisco Estuary and Watershed Science, 14(4). jmie_sfewss_33460. Retrieved from: http://escholarship.org/uc/item/36t9s0mp
Deverel, Steven J., Ingrum, T., Lucero, Cl, and Drexler, J.Z., 2014, Impounded Marshes on Subsided Islands: Simulated Vertical Accretion, Processes, and Effects, Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, CA USA. San Francisco Estuary and Watershed Science 12(2). jmie_sfews_12893. http://escholarship.org/uc/item/0qm0w92c.
Jaclyn A. Hatala, Matteo Detto, Oliver Sonnentag, Steven J. Deverel, Joseph Verfaillie, Dennis D. Baldocchi, 2012, Greenhouse gas (CO2, CH4, H2O) fluxes from drained and flooded agricultural peatlands in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment , 150,1-18.
Cathleen Jones, Gerald Bawden, Steven Deverel, Joel Dudas, Scott Hensley, 2011, Characterizing land surface changes and levee stability in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta using UAVSAR radar imagery, IGARSS2011 Proceedings
Deverel, S.J. and Leighton, D.A., 2010, Historic, recent and future subsidence, Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, California, USA, San Francisco Estuary and Watershed Science, 8(2) http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/7xd4x0xw
Drexler, Judith Z., de Fontaine, Christian S., Deverel, S.J., 2009, The legacy of wetland drainage on the peat resource in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, California, USA, Wetlands, 29, 372–386
Deverel, S.J., Thomas, J., Decker, D., Earman, S. and Mihevc, T, 2005, Groundwater evaporation estimates using stable isotope and chloride data, Yelland Playa, Spring Valley, Nevada, Desert Research Institute Division of Hydrologic Sciences, DHS publication 41219
D.A. Cohen, S.J. Deverel, L.A. Johnson, 1998, Feasibility Study of Differential SAR Interferometry for Subsidence Monitoring in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, IGARSS'98 Proceedings , pp1629-1631
Deverel, S.J., Wang, Bronwen and Rojstaczer, S.A., 1998, Subsidence in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, in (Borchers, J.W., ed.) Proceedings of the Joseph Poland Subsidence Symposium, Association of Engineering Geologists, Special Publication No. 8, Star Publishing, Belmont, California, pp. 489-502.
Deverel, S.J., Rojstazcer, S.A. 1996, Subsidence of agricultural lands in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, California: Role of aqueous and gaseous carbon fluxes, Water Resources Research, 32, 2359-2367.
Rojstazcer, S.A. and Deverel, S.J., 1995, Land subsidence in drained histosols and highly organic mineral soils of California, Soil Science Society of America Journal, 59:1162-1167.
Rojstaczer, S.A. and Deverel, S.J., 1993, Time dependence in atmospheric carbon inputs from drainage of organic soils, Geophysical Research Letters, 20, 1383-1386.
Fio, J.L., Fujii, R. and Deverel, S.J., 1991, Evaluation of selenium mobility in soil using sorption experiments and a numerical model, western San Joaquin Valley, California, Soil Science Society of America Journal, 55, 1313-1320.
Rojstaczer, S.A., Hamon, R.E., Deverel, S.J. and Massey, C.A., 1991, Evaluation of selected data to assess the causes of subsidence in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, California, U.S. Geological Survey Open File Report 91 -193.
Fujii, Roger, Deverel, S.J. and D.B. Hatfield, 1988, Distribution of selenium in soils of agricultural fields, Western San Joaquin Valley, California, Soil Science Society America Journal, 52, 1274-1283.
Deverel, S.J., L.D. Whittig and K.K. Tanji, 1986, Sulfate reduction and calcium carbonate equilibria in a Central California histosol, Soil Science Society of America Journal, 50, 1189-1193.
Tanji, K.K., and Deverel, S.J., 1984, Simulation modeling for reclamation of sodic soils, in Soil salinity under irrigation-processes and management, Shainberg, I., and Shalhevet, J., eds., Springer-Verlag, Berlin
Groundwater Geochemistry and Quality
Deverel, S.J., Goldberg, S. and R. Fujii, 2012, Chemistry of trace elements in soils and groundwater In Tanji et al (eds) Agricultural Salinity Assessment and Management Manual, American Society of Civil Engineers. Manual 71, 2nd edition.
Deverel, S.J., Leighton, David A. and Finlay, Mark R., 2007. Processes Affecting Agricultural Drainwater Quality and Organic Carbon Loads in California's Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta. San Francisco Estuary and Watershed Science. Vol. 5, Issue 2 (May), Article 2. http://repositories.cdlib.org/jmie/sfews/vol5/iss2/art2
Deverel, S.J., Fio, J.L., Dubrovsky, N.M., 1994, Distribution and mobility of selenium in groundwater in the western San Joaquin Valley of California in Selenium in the Environment, Benson, S. and Frankenburger, W. (eds). Marcel Decker, New York.
Dubrovsky, N.M., Deverel, S.J. and Gilliom, R.J., 1993, Multiscale approach to regional groundwater quality assessment: selenium in the San Joaquin Valley, California in Regional Ground-water Quality (Alley, W.M, editor), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York.
Deverel, S.J. and Fio, J.L., 1991, Groundwater flow and solute movement to drain laterals, western San Joaquin Valley, California. I. Geochemical assessment, Water Resources Research, 27, 2233 - 2246.
Deverel, S.J. and R. Fujii, 1990, Chemistry of trace elements in soils and groundwater In Tanji et al (eds) Agricultural Salinity Assessment and Management Manual, American Society of Civil Engineers.
McNeal, J.M., Feder, G.L., Wilbur, W.G. and Deverel, S.J., 1990, Environmental concerns related to selenium in the Western United States in Proceedings of a U.S. Geological Survey Workshop on Environmental Geochemistry (Doe, B.R., ed.) U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1033.
Deverel, S.J. and S.P. Millard, 1988, Distribution and mobility of selenium and other trace elements in shallow ground water of the western San Joaquin Valley, California, Environmental Science and Technology, 22, 697-702.
Deverel, S.J. and Roger Fujii, 1988, Processes affecting the distribution of selenium in shallow groundwater of agricultural areas, Western San Joaquin Valley, California, Water Resources Research, 24, 516-524.
Fujii, Roger and S.J. Deverel, 1988, Mobility and distribution of selenium and salinity In groundwater and soil of drained agricultural fields, western San Joaquin Valley, California: In Jacobs, L.W. and others (ed.), Selenium in Agriculture and the Environment: American Society of Agronomy, Madison, Wisconsin, Special Publication no. 23, pp. 195-212.
Deverel, S.J., Gilliom, R.J., Fujii, Roger, Izbicki, J.A., and Fields, J.C., 1984, Distribution of selenium and other inorganic constituents in shallow ground water of the San Luis Drain Service Area, San Joaquin Valley, California: A preliminary study, U.S. Geological Survey Water Resources Investigation Report 84-4319.
Deverel, S.J., 1985, Selenium in the San Joaquin Valley of California In 1984 National Water Summary, U.S.G.S. Water Supply Paper 2275.
Statistics
Deverel, S.J., 1989, Geostatistical and principal-component analysis of ground-water chemistry and soil-salinity data, San Joaquin Valley, California, In Ragone, S. (ed.) Regional characterization of water quality, International Association of Hydrologic Sciences Publication no. 182 pp. 11-18.
Millard, S.P. and S.J. Deverel, 1988, Non-parametric statistical methods for comparing two sites based on data with multiple non-detect limits, Water Resources Research, 24, 2087-2098.
Ground Water Hydrology
Deverel, S.J. and Gallanthine, S.K., 1989, Distribution of salinity and selenium in relation to hydrologic and geochemical processes, San Joaquin Valley, California, Journal of Hydrology 109, 125-149.
Deverel, S.J., 1988, Geohydrologic aspects of water-quality problems of the San Joaquin Valley, California, Proceedings on Planning Now for Irrigation and Drainage, Irrigation and Drainage Division, American Society of Civil Engineers, Lincoln, Nebraska, July, 1988 pp. 694-699 (invited paper).
Fio, J.L. and Deverel, S.J., 1991, Groundwater flow and solute movement to drain laterals, western San Joaquin Valley, California, II. Quantitative hydrologic assessment, Water Resources Research, 27, 2247 - 2257.
Fio, J.L. and Deverel, S.J., 1990, Interaction of shallow ground water and subsurface drains: Implications for selenium transport and distribution in the western San Joaquin Valley, Groundwater, 28,788-789.
Sustainability
Deverel, Steven J.; Bachand, Sandra; Brandenberg, Scott J.; Jones, Cathleen E.; Stewart, Jonathan P.; & Zimmaro, Paolo, 2016. Factors and Processes Affecting Delta Levee System Vulnerability. San Francisco Estuary and Watershed Science, 14(4). jmie_sfews_33460. Retrieved from: http://escholarship.org/uc/item/36t9s0mp
Deverel, Steven J.; Lucero, Christina E.; & Bachand, Sandra. 2015. Evolution of Arability and Land Use, Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta, California. San Francisco Estuary and Watershed Science, 13(2). jmie_sfews_27914. Retrieved from: http://escholarship.org/uc/item/5nv2698k
Deverel, S.J., 2012, Impacts of irrigation in California, USA and relevance for the Brazilian semi-arid region (in Portuguese), ITEM, Irrigação e Tecnologia Moderna, Publication of the Brazilian Association of Irrigation and Drainage